This week in personality theories we had are second exam, which I found required a little more studying then the first exam. I have began to read more of chapter thirteen in the personality theories textbook, which covers the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. I found Maslow's hierarchical theory to be especially interesting because I am unfamiliar with the theory itself. Maslow refered to people as "growing animals" because he thought that humans are always desiring something and that people are constantly looking for growth, happiness, and fufillment. Maslow acknowledged motivation and metamotivation within in his theory. Maslow refered to motivation as "reducing tension by satisfying deficit states or lacks". "Maslow believed that metamotivation refers too ones own growth tendency". Maslow also believed their was a d need or deficency need, which was directly related to survival or safety and a b need or being need, which was directly related to self actualization or inherent potential. As part of his hierarchical theory Maslow designed a hierarchy of needs, which consists of the following: physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, self esteem needs, and finally self actualization needs. Maslow believed that the final self actualization need can only be met if all of the other needs are also satisfied. I think that Maslow's theory is important because he has broken down the essential needs a healthy person should have and he understands that people need to find growth, happiness and satisfaction, which I think are very important to all people.

I found last week's class to be interesting because we talked about how to further develop your own achievements. I thought that the diagram the teacher created was helpful because it demonstrated how to go about your achievements, by understanding current goals and then making a plan to achieve the current goal. I would say that I definitely agree with Adler's theory on goals. Adlers theory is that living things are motivated by goals and that we cannot think, feel, or act without understanding the concept of a goal. Adler also referred to his theory on goals as finalisms and he thought that many of are goals are also fictionalisms. Adler believed that certain fictional goals have the potential to be both positive and negative. Adler believed that a healthy individual will continuously examine their fictions and change their goals when they are no longer of use (Engler, 2005). I think that it is important in psychology to understand more about how people interpret what they want to achieve in life because it can show a lot about a person.

This week's psychology course was interesting because we covered information about B.F. Skinner, who had developed his own theory on positive reinforcement. Positive reinforcement takes place when a behavior is followed by a situation that increases the probability of that particular behavior occurring in the future (Engler, 2005). Negative reinforcement takes place when a behavior is followed by the termination of an unlikable situation increasing the probability of the behavior in similar circumstances (Engler, 2005). Punishment occurs when a behavior is followed by an unlikable situation that is intended to do away with the punished person's behavior. I think that B.F Skinner's theory is interesting because it is possible that some people's behavior are the result of different influences in their life. I also found it interesting in class that the teacher found similarities among different students who had influences of punishment and positive reinforcement in their childhood background. I also think that the theory of behaviorism can be the key to understanding the influences of many psychological conditions that people have in life.

In chapter eight the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, both John Dollard and Neal Miller talk about the personality being composed of different habits; which fundamentally are learned associations between stimulus's and responses. Both Dollard and Miller believed that a person's habits are influenced by drives. A drive is a strong stimulation that creates uneasiness, such as hunger or sleepiness (Engler, 2005). Dollard and Miller also believed that there are primary drives. Primary drives are related to a person's own physiological survival; such as the drive for hunger, sleep, and thirst. The secondary drive is learned through the primary drive and a secondary drive is an expansion of a primary drive, such as a feeling or need to earn money to buy food (Engler, 2005). Dollard and Miller also believed in reinforcers, primary reinforcers, and secondary reinforcers. A reinforcer is an event that creates more probability of a certain response. We also all have reflex responses, which are automatic responses to particular stimuli. Dollard and Miller believe that there was a hierarchy of response, which shows what responses are most probable due to certain events. So to break this theory down in order you would start with a drive which impels a person's behavior, a cue a stimulus that tells someone when, where and how to react, a response which is the reaction to the cue, and reinforcement which refers to the effect the response has made. Both Miller and Dollard believed that all human beings can be understood through the learning process, which is the idea of habits and drives. I have found this section of chapter eight to be interesting because I am unfamiliar with the theory of Dollard's and Miller's learning process. It is complex, but by reading about each aspect of the theory it becomes more understandable. I also find Miller and Dollard's theory to be an interesting theory in the field of psychology because I think it is important to have a good understanding of how people interpret and learn things within their environment.

In this weeks personality psychology course we had an exam on the first five chapters of the text book. I think that the test review was helpful because the exam covered a lot of information. On Tuesday's class we were asked to talk about some of the important things that we would want to do if our life spans were unfortunately shortened somehow. And for me If I had a shortened lifespan then expected somehow, I would try to spend most of my time with friends and family, so I would again be able to enjoy many of the memories that I have already had with them. Chapter six in the book looks very interesting it covers information about Erik Erickson and Anna Freud. I think that Anna Freud's research should be interesting to study seeing how important Sigmund Freud's work was in the field of psychology. Anna Freud worked closely with Sigmund Freud as a colleague, until she passed away and then she went on to become a psychoanalyst herself. She helped to further develop psychoanalysis by studying children and Freud's concept of the ego. Her studying of psychoanalysis and children helped to create better research in the field of pediatrics, child care, family law, and education. She observed all types of young children, some who were normal, others who had troubles and many more children who had terrible life circumstances, such as parentless homes, war and physical handicaps. I am sure her view on psychoanalysis is very interesting seeing the fact that she is related to and has worked with the father of psychiatry.